AUSCULTATION POINTS: SHORTCUT

-

 EASY WAY TO REMEMBER AUSCULTATION POINTS:

BASIC KEYWORDS:  APT-M (2245) E 

                                             [APARTMENT-M,,, NO:2245,,,,E-BLOCK]

A) AORTIC- (2)ND RIGHT INTERCOSTAL SPACE

P) PULMONIC- (2)ND LEFT INTERCOSTAL SPACE

T) TRICUSPID- (4)TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE LOWER LEFT STERNAL BORDER

M) MITRAL- (5)TH LEFT MIDCLAVICULAR LINE (5th intercostal space)

E) ERB'S POINT- LEFT (3)RD INTERCOSTAL SPACE (S1S2)



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

EASY WAY TO REMEMBER: THIRD DEGREE HEART BLOCK (COMPLETE HEART BLOCK)

-
Image
THIRD DEGREE HEART BLOCK (BASICS) ALSO CALLED AS COMPLETE HEART BLOCK .   WHEN ATRIAL CONTRACTION IS NORMAL BUT NO BEATS ARE CONDUCTED TO THE VENTRICLES. THIS MAY OCCUR IN PATIENT WITH MYOCARDICAL INFARCTION OR IT MAY BE CHRONIC (USUALLY DUE TO FIBROSIS AROUND THE BUNDLE OF HIS). LET'S MAKE IT SIMPLE:  1. REGULAR  P-P  INTERVAL.                                                   2. REGULAR  R-R  INTERVAL.                                                  3. MORE P WAVES ARE PRESENT THAN QRS COMPLEXES. NOTE:  NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN P WAVES AND QRS COMPLEXES, BUT AS I MENTIONED SAME NUMBER OF BIG BOX IN-BETWEEN  (P-P INTERVAL AND R-R INTERVAL)
Read more

DIGOXIN EFFECT ON ECG (OVERVIEW)

-
Image
 DIGOXIN - CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES ( BASICS ) HELPS,THE HEART TO PUMP MORE EFFICIENTLY, INHIBITS NORMAL FUNCTION OF Na+/K+ PUMP. HOW DOES IT AFFECTS THE HEART[ POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS] POSITIVE: INOTROPIC EFFECT ON THE HEART: SQEEZES/CONTRACTS HARDER. NEGATIVE:  CHRONOTROPIC EFFECT ON THE HEART: BEATS SLOWER. NEGATIVE:  DROMOTROPIC EFFECT ON THE HEART; SLOWS IMPULSES SENT THROUGH                          AV NODE RESULTS;   HEART SQEEZES MORE BLOOD OUT = INCREASED STROKE VOLUME = INCREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT DRUG USED FOR: HEART FAILURE, CARDIOGENIC SHOCK, A.FIB, A.FLUTTER. EFFECT ON ECG: THE ADMINISTRATION OF DIGOXIN CAUSES (T-WAVE) INVERSION - CHARACTERISTICALLY WITH SLOPING DEPRESSION OF THE ST SEGMENT. IT IS HELPFUL TO RECORD AN ECG BEFORE GIVING DIGOXIN, TO SAVE LATER CONFUSION ABOUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF T-WAVE CHANGES. THERAPEUTIC: 0.5 - 2 ng/ml (ANYTHING GREATER THAN  2ng  IT'S CONSIDER TOXI...
Read more

EASY WAY TO REMEMBER: LEFT AXIS AND RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION

-
Image
 LEFT AXIS DEVIATION SIMPLE CONCEPT:  QRS-COMPLEX : (LEAD-1) AND (LEAD aVL) - [POSITIVE]                                                                   : (LEAD- 2, 3, aVF) - [NEGATIVE] RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION SIMPLE CONCEPT:  QES COMPLEX : (LEAD-1) AND (LEAD aVL) - [NEGATIVE] {S-WAVE GREATER THAN R-WAVE}.                                                                 : (LEAD- 2, 3, aVF) - [POSITIVE] CAUSES OF AXIS DEVIATION:  RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION: 1) NORMAL VARIANT-TALL THIN PEOPLE. 2) RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY. 3) LATERAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ( PERI-INFARCTION BLOCK). 4) WPW SYNDROME. 5) LEFT POSTERIOR FASCICULAR BLOCK. LEFT AXIS DEVIAT...
Read more